From John F. Kennedy to Barack Obama, presidents have challenged U-M students to change the world. In JFK’s case, the transformation was so rapid and enduring that Kennedy’s challenge again is a hot topic across campus.
“It was 50 years ago that a young candidate for president came here to Michigan and delivered a speech that inspired one of the most successful service projects in American history,” Obama told U-M graduates May 1. “And as John F. Kennedy described the ideals behind what would become the Peace Corps, he issued a challenge to the students who had assembled in Ann Arbor on that October night: ‘On your willingness to contribute part of your life to this country,’ he said, ‘will depend the answer whether a free society can compete. I think it can.’”
Alan Guskin, a 23-year-old Michigan graduate student when he stood in front of the Michigan Union at 2 a.m. Oct. 14, 1960, will be back at the Union at 2 a.m. this Oct. 14, speaking to a crowd celebrating the milestone. Guskin will detail how he and other students and faculty took action: writing letters, organizing groups, conducting petition drives, building momentum so the Peace Corps would be established by executive order on March 1, 1961.
“The ’60s really started on Oct. 14, 1960,’’ Guskin says. “A lot of people say the ’60s began after Kennedy was assassinated, but really the student activism with thousands of people getting involved started with that speech. We were the ’50s generation that didn’t do much until then. What stimulated us was the sense that the torch was being passed to a new generation. We wanted to do something but we were never stimulated to do something until then.’’
U-M will host a series of events ranging from the debut of a new film, “A Passing of the Torch” to a national symposium, shows, lectures, reunions and several other events, all highlighted at peacecorps.umich.edu/events.html.
Guskin, other students and faculty pushed for the corps, participated in selecting the first class and were among the first volunteers sent overseas. Over the past half-century, more than 2,331 U-M alumni have served in the Peace Corps, the fourth-highest total of any university.
Guskin notes that activism was evident when Kennedy adviser Charles Bowles — who hadn’t heard Kennedy’s impromptu remarks asking students if they would be willing to serve their country by going to places like Ghana — came to U-M and students pressed him to elaborate.
The activism also was apparent, Guskin says, when he took a letter to the editor to then-Michigan Daily Editor Tom Hayden, who would himself become a national icon of 1960s student activism as the author of the 1962 Port Huron Statement, the manifesto of Students for a Democratic Society. The Daily was part of the push for the establishment of the corps, he adds, noting then-Daily Editorial Director Phil Power also was part of the effort and an early champion of greater student involvement in university governance.
Sargent Shriver, the founding director of the organization and JFK’s brother-in-law, wrote the Peace Corps probably would “still be just an idea but for the affirmative response of those Michigan students and faculty. Possibly Kennedy would have tried it once more on some other occasion, but without a strong popular response he would have concluded that the idea was impractical or premature. That probably would have ended it then and there. Instead, it was almost a case of spontaneous combustion.”
Coming up
Come back to the University Record on Oct. 4 for a special four-page supplement highlighting campuswide events that celebrate the Peace Corps’ 50th anniversary.
Former U.S. Sen. Harris Wofford, D-Pa., an aide to JFK who helped found the organization and taught the first Peace Corps class at U-M, will be on campus Oct. 14.
Wofford wrote in his memoir, “Just as it had been the one innovative idea in his campaign, during his thousand days in office it was his primary specific answer to those who asked what they could do for their country.”
Guskin recalls Wofford coming to the Michigan Union in 1961 to speak to the first class of Peace Corps volunteers going to Thailand. Guskin never forgot when Wofford told them not to consider themselves U.S. ambassadors but to instead speak as real Americans, telling the people they met exactly how they felt, even if it was negative, because that freedom would send a much more powerful message about what the United States was all about.
“It did change my whole life,’’ Guskin says of his Peace Corps involvement. “I was a graduate student in social psychology and after watching the debate (Kennedy and Richard Nixon held their third debate hours before JFK arrived at U-M) we were interested in issues but we weren’t activists. But Kennedy challenged us and we got turned on. I remember saying, ‘Wow, that’s exciting.’”
After joining the Peace Corps, “It just really changed my life in how I see the world and how we think and I’ve heard both liberals and conservatives say that. I gained what I call ‘true humility.’ Other people love their cultures as much as you love yours and that changes your way of looking at the world and this country.’’
He predicted that many of the members of the class of 2008 would wind up being influenced and inspired by the current president as he was by Kennedy, saying both represent generational change.
“What is certain — what has always been certain — is the ability to shape that destiny,” Obama said at U-M. “If you are willing, as past generations were willing, to contribute part of your life to the life of this country, then I, like President Kennedy, believe we can. Because I believe in you.’’
