Researchers say early intervention is the key to helping children with autism spectrum disorders but the effectiveness with young toddlers is unknown.
With a $7 million grant from the National Institute of Mental Health, U-M and Florida State University researchers aim to find out how effective early intervention is for children diagnosed with ASD by 18 months old.
The study is one of the largest of its kind and one of the first to explore intervention in children so young.
Catherine Lord, director of the Autism and Communications Disorders Center, and Amy Wetherby, professor of clinical sciences in the FSU College of Medicine and director of the FSU Autism Institute, are spearheading the effort.
“The future for children with ASD is changing every day as we create more services to support their strengths and address or prevent difficulties,” Lord says. “As we develop ways of identifying ASD in younger and younger children, we must develop treatment methods and family supports that are appropriate for toddlers. This is the purpose of this study.”
With this latest grant, the autism center now has received three early intervention grants related to ongoing research projects.
The researchers will recruit 100 toddlers younger than 18 months old who have been diagnosed with ASD. Previous research has shown that children 3 to 5 years old with ASD have the best outcomes if they are actively engaged in intervention at least 25 hours a week.
“A preliminary study at FSU demonstrated the feasibility and promising results of this early intervention,” Wetherby says. “With the new funding from NIMH, we will be able to train researchers at the University of Michigan on early intervention and conduct a large-scale study to examine the impact on toddlers with ASD and their families. The findings will underscore the importance of early detection of ASD leading to early intervention.”
Because children with ASD typically are not diagnosed prior to age 3, research is not available on the effectiveness of earlier intervention.
The researchers expect that the study will provide important evidence of parent-implemented intervention for toddlers and will substantiate that autism screening for toddlers is crucial for families to access early intervention.
Symptoms of ASD at 18 months old include a lack of appropriate gaze; lack of using eye gaze with sounds, gestures and facial expression; lack of sharing interest or enjoyment; lack of response to name; lack of warm, joyful expressions; lack of showing or pointing gestures to get others to notice objects or things of interest; unusual melody of speech or babbling; and repetitive movements with objects or with the body.
No single red flag indicates that a child has ASD, and a child with ASD may not show all of these characteristics, Lord and Wetherby say. Children who show several traits, however, should be screened for possible ASD.
