Scientists at U-M have shown that gene therapy can be used successfully to stop the development of periodontal disease, the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
Using gene transfer to treat life threatening conditions is not new, but the U-M group is the first known to use the gene delivery approach to show potential in treating chronic conditions such as periodontal disease, says William Giannobile, professor at the School of Dentistry and principal investigator on the study.
“Gene therapy has not been used in non-life threatening disease. (Periodontal disease) is more disabling than life threatening,” says Giannobile, who also directs the Michigan Center for Oral Health Research and has an appointment in the College of Engineering. “This is so important because the next wave of improving medical therapeutics goes beyond saving life, and moves forward to improving the quality of life.”
The preclinical study was a collaboration with Seattle-based Targeted Genetics. In July the biotechnology company released human trial results that showed the same gene therapy approach used to stop periodontal disease had positive effects in human patients with rheumatoid arthritis, another chronic, non-life threatening, disabling condition. The company tested 127 human subjects and showed a 30 percent improvement in pain relief, and gain of function, among other enhancements using the gene treatment.
People with rheumatoid arthritis also are four times more likely to be afflicted with periodontitis. Periodontal disease is linked to systemic conditions such as heart disease, bacterial pneumonia and stroke, likely due to the spread of bacteria coming from the oral cavity that invade other parts of the body.
Using gene therapy, Giannobile’s group found a way to help certain cells using an inactivated virus to produce more of a naturally made molecule soluble TNF receptor. This factor is under-produced in patients with periodontitis. The molecule delivered by gene therapy works like a sponge to sop up excessive levels of tumor necrosis factor, a molecule known to worsen inflammatory bone destruction in patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis, joint deterioration and periodontitis.
The gene also delivers quite a bit of genetic bang for the buck. The periodontal tissues were spared from destruction by more than 60-80 percent with the use of gene therapy.
The next step is additional safety testing on periodontal patients, he says.
The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health. Co-authors included Haim Burstein, a research scientist at Targeted Genetics Corporation, and members of U-M research team Joni Cirelli, Chan Ho Park, Jim Sugai and Katie MacKool.
The findings appear online in advance of print publication in Gene Therapy.
